Interpretation of Sophia the Wisdom of God in Russian Philosophical Sophiology

S. E. Zolotarev

S. E. Zolotarev Санкт-Петербургская Духовная Академия https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-6306

Ключевые слова: София Премудрость Божия, икона, кафедральный собор, русская религиозная философия, софиология, Владимир Соловьёв, Павел Флоренский, Сергей Булгаков.

Аннотация

Статья открывает серию исследований, посвящённых теме Софии – Премудрости Божией в истории русского христианского изобразительного искусства и сакральной архитектуры. Кафедральный собор Великого Новгорода, построенный в 11 веке, является одним из древнейших религиозных сооружений, посвящённых Святой Софии. Вопрос о наименовании новгородского собора через несколько веков после его постройки послужил причиной теологической дискуссии, а в 19–20 веках вызвал к жизни целое религиозно-философское направление, характерное именно для России, – традицию софиологии. Икона Софии-Премудрости, которая занимает совершенно уникальное место в истории русской иконографии, до сих пор не получила общепринятой интерпретации. Различные философские теории, направленные на объяснение содержания этой иконы, а также на реконструкцию смысла самого имени Софии-Премудрости, исследованы в этой статье. Для Владимира Соловьёва София есть олицетворение единства космоса, персонаж его мистической поэзии и мифологическая «Душа мира» в рамках его философии всеединства. У священника Павла Флоренского София описана как божественная природа всех живых существ, «идеальная личность мира», в сознании народа зачастую сливающаяся с Богородицей. Сергий Булгаков связывает Софию то с божественной сущностью Троицы, то с высшим принципом мирового порядка, то с отдельным ангелом. Все названные философы пытаются произвольно интерпретировать сюжет иконы Святой Софии и наименование русских храмов в честь Святой Софии для аргументации своих религиозно-философских концепций, далёких от христианской ортодоксии.

Биография автора

S. E. Zolotarev, Санкт-Петербургская Духовная Академия

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34680/vistheo-2022-4-2-170-181

Sergey E. Zolotarev
Saint Petersburg Theological Academy, Russia
stratilates@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-6306

Abstract
The article opens a number of studies devoted to the theme of Sophia the Wisdom of God in the history of Russian Christian fine art and sacred architecture. The Cathedral of Veliky Novgorod, built in the 11^th century, is one of the oldest religious buildings dedicated to St. Sophia. The question about the name of the Novgorod cathedral a few centuries after its construction caused a theological discussion, and in the 19^th and 20^th centuries brought to life religious and philosophical Russian trend – the tradition of Sophiology. The icon of Sophia the Wisdom, which occupies a completely unique place in the history of Russian iconography, has not yet received a generally accepted interpretation. Various philosophical theories aimed at explaining the content of this icon, as well as at reconstructing the meaning of the very name of Sophia the Wisdom, are explored in this article. For Vladimir Solovyov, Sophia is the personification of the unity of cosmos, a character in his mystical poetry and a mythological “Soul of the World” within the framework of his philosophy of unity. The priest Pavel Florensky describes Sophia as the divine nature of all living beings, the “ideal personality of the world”, often merging with the Mother of God in minds of people. Sergei Bulgakov connects Sophia with the divine essence of the Trinity, and with the highest principle of the world order, and with the angel. All these philosophers try to arbitrarily interpret the plot of the icon of St. Sophia and the name of Russian churches in honor of St. Sophia to substantiate their religious and philosophical concepts, which are far from Christian orthodoxy.

Keywords: Russian religious philosophy, Sophiology, St. Sophia the Wisdom of God, icon, cathedral, Vladimir Solovyov, Pavel Florensky, Sergei Bulgakov

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About author

Sergey E. Zolotarev
Master of Theology, Master of Philosophy,
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Theology
Saint Petersburg Theological Academy
17, Obvodny Canal Embankment, St. Petersburg, 191167,
Russian Federation
E-mail: stratilates@gmail.com

For citation:
Zolotarev S. E. Interpretation of Sophia the Wisdom of God in Russian philosophical Sophiology. Journal of Visual Theology. 2022. Vol. 4. 2. Pp. 170–181.
https://doi.org/10.34680/vistheo-2022-4-2-170-181